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Women Reservation Bill

The Women’s Reservation Bill, first introduced in September 1996 by the H.D. Deve Gowda government, marked a long-standing effort to improve women’s representation in Indian politics. Despite repeated attempts by successive governments, the bill remained pending for nearly 27 years. It was finally cleared in September 2023 during a special session of Parliament, signaling a major step toward gender inclusion.

Currently, women’s representation in India’s Parliament remains limited. The Lok Sabha has 78 women MPs, accounting for just about 14% of the total strength, while the Rajya Sabha has only 32 women members. In several state legislative assemblies, women’s participation is even lower, often falling below 10%.

The bill had earlier seen partial success in 2010, when the UPA government managed to pass it in the Rajya Sabha, but it failed to secure approval in the Lok Sabha. Initially introduced as a proposed Constitutional Amendment, it also faced political resistance and was referred to a joint parliamentary committee.

Globally, many countries have adopted reservation or quota systems to enhance women’s political participation. Nations like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and the UAE have reserved seats for women, aiming to ensure more inclusive and balanced governance.

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STORIES

Anti-reform mindset: PM Modi blasts Congress for derailing women's quota bill

PM Modi's attack on the Congress came a day after a Constitutional Amendment to implement 33 per cent reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and state Assemblies failed to pass in the lower House of the Parliament. While the Bill required the support of at least 352 out of the 528 MPs present in the Lok Sabha, it could only garner 298 votes in its favour.

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VIDEOS

Video: PM raps TMC over women's bill defeat, infiltrators in Bengal

Ahead of the first phase of polling in West Bengal, the Prime Minister launched an attack on the Trinamool Congress and the Congress party, accusing them of betraying the women of the state. Addressing a public gathering, the Prime Minister alleged that both parties conspired to ensure the failure of the Women's Reservation Bill in Parliament, preventing women from securing thirty-three percent reservation. The Prime Minister claimed the ruling state party does not want women to become Members of Legislative Assembly or Members of Parliament as they challenge the current administration. Highlighting the national ruling party's focus on women's empowerment, the Prime Minister outlined several financial promises, including thirty-six thousand rupees annually under the Matrushakti Bharosa Card, twenty-one thousand rupees for pregnant women, and fifty thousand rupees for daughters' education. Furthermore, the Prime Minister accused the state government of breaking laws to benefit infiltrators and attempting to provide reservations based on religion, thereby undermining the Constitution.

PM attacks Congress, terms its politics parasite-like over women's bill: Full speech

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a sharp attack on Congress during his address on the women’s reservation bill, calling its politics “parasite-like”. He said the party survives by riding on regional allies while blocking reforms that empower women. Modi accused Congress of missing a historic opportunity and choosing politics over women’s rights. He also said the Opposition’s actions had stalled the progress of “Nari Shakti” and hurt the aspirations of millions. Calling the bill a step towards empowering half the population, the Prime Minister said the government’s resolve remains firm and efforts to secure women’s rights will continue despite the setback.

Video: Priyanka Gandhi calls bill defeat in Lok Sabha a victory for democracy

The opposition has blocked a bill in Parliament, describing the move as a victory for democracy and the federal structure. The defeated legislation linked women's reservation to a new delimitation exercise based on the 2011 census. The opposition argued the bill was a move to alter parliamentary proportions, potentially reducing the political weight of Southern states and bypassing a caste census. Instead of the proposed changes, the opposition demanded the immediate implementation of the 2023 women's reservation legislation on the existing 543 Lok Sabha seats. Furthermore, there is a demand for an Other Backward Classes quota within the women's reservation framework. The opposition accused the government of using women's rights as a shield to push through a delimitation agenda that would alter electoral dynamics, stating they will fight for immediate representation without compromising the federal balance.

NDA MPs protest in Parliament complex as women's quota bill fails Lok Sabha test

The Women's Reservation Bill failed to pass the floor test in Parliament, falling short of the required two-thirds majority by 54 votes, with 298 votes in favour and 230 against. Following the defeat, women parliamentarians from the ruling coalition staged a protest in the Parliament complex, accusing the opposition alliance of obstructing women's empowerment.